Явище синонімії в мовленні представника східнослобожанської говірки (на матеріалі с. Шульгінка Старобільського району Луганської обл.)

У статті розглянуто явище синонімії у розмовному мовленні представника східнослобожанської говірки; проаналізовано синоніми, визначено їх основні типи: семантичні, контекстуальні, стилістичні (емоційні) та абсолютні. За результатами спостережень виявлено синонімічні ряди; класифіковано їх за повнозначними частинами мови, позиційним розташуванням у контексті, тематичною групою тощо. У діалектних текстах мовної особистості досліджено стилістичні функції синонімів, а також їхню емоційно-експресивну забарвленість.В статье рассмотрено явление синонимии в разговорной речи представителя восточнослобожанского говора; проанализированы синонимы, определены основные их типы: семантические, контекстуальные, стилистические (эмоциональные) и абсолютные. По результатам наблюдений обнаружены синонимические ряды; осуществлена классификация их относительно частей речи, позиционного расположения в контексте, тематической группы и т.д. В диалектных текстах языковой личности исследовано стилистические функции синонимов, а также их эмоционально-экспрессивную окраску.The phenomenon of synonymy in spoken language of spokesman of East Slobozhanshchina dialects is observed in the article; the synonyms are recorded and analysed; their main types (semantic, contextual, stylistic (emotional), absolute) are determined. The synonymic rows are shown as a result of observation; they were classified as part of speech of full meaning, as position disposition in the context, as thematic group etc. The stylistic functions of synonyms and also their emotional-expressive tint are investigated in dialectal texts of linguistic personality

Food profitability and recruitment behaviour in a scent trail laying stingless bee (Scaptotrigona aff. depilis)

Innerhalb der sozialen Insekten haben viele Gruppen die faszinierende Fähigkeit entwickelt, Nestgenossinnen zu rekrutieren. Rekrutierung beruht auf einer Kommunikation, die angewandt wird, um Mitglieder des Nestes zu einem bestimmten Ort zu bringen, wo Arbeit von Nöten ist (Wilson 1971). Daher beinhaltet die Rekrutierungskommunikation sowohl die Aktivierung von Nestgenossinnen innerhalb des Nestes, als auch die Orientierungshilfen für das Auffinden des Zielortes (Traniello & Robson 1995). Die stachellosen Bienen (Hymenoptera, Meliponini) sind unter den sozialen Insekten eine hoch diverse Tiergruppe (über 400 Arten, Michener 2000). Sie eignen sich ausgezeichnet für die Untersuchung der ebenso diversen Rekrutierungs- und Kommunikationsmechanismen. Bei stachellosen Bienen, wie bei anderen sozialen Insekten, beeinflusst die Güte der Futterquelle die Rekrutierung. Bisher wurde an Arten, die keinen Duftpfad legen, gezeigt, dass zu ertragreichen Futterquellen mehr Bienen rekrutiert werden als zu weniger ertragreichen (Biesmeijer & Ermers 1999). In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde erstmals untersucht, wie die Zuckerkonzentration des Futters die Rekrutierung einer Art (Scaptotrigona aff. depilis) beeinflusst, welche Rekruten durch das Auslegen eines Duftpfades zur Futterquelle führt (Schmidt & al. 2006b).How does the sugar concentration of the food source affect the recruitment of the stingless bee Scaptotrigona aff. depilis (Hymenoptera, Meliponini)? We offered sugar water of either constant, increasing, or decreasing concentrations. Simultaneously, we recorded the number of recruits and the recruiters’ running speed, jostling contacts, and vibrations inside the nest. Neither the number of recruits nor the behavioural parameters depended on the actual sugar concentration but rather on the changes experienced over time. Concentration decreases resulted in significantly decreased numbers of recruits. Concentration increases neither led to increased numbers of recruits nor to increased recruitment activity. However, most parameters of intranidal activity changed significantly only when the concentration was reduced from 40% to 20% w/w and recruitment to the food source nearly ceased. These findings support the idea of a feedback mechanism reducing the colony’s effort to exploit food sources of decreasing profitability

Fast Optimization of Temperature Focusing in Hyperthermia Treatment of Sub-Superficial Tumors

Microwave hyperthermia aims at selectively heating cancer cells to a supra-physiological temperature. For non-superficial tumors, this can be achieved by means of an antenna array equipped with a proper cooling system (the water bolus) to avoid overheating of the skin. In patient-specific treatment planning, antenna feedings are optimized to maximize the specific absorption rate (SAR) inside the tumor, or to directly maximize the temperature there, involving a higher numerical cost. We present here a method to effect a low-complexity temperature-based planning. It arises from recognizing that SAR and temperature have shifted peaks due to thermal boundary conditions at the water bolus and for physiological effects like air flow in respiratory ducts. In our method, temperature focusing on the tumor is achieved via a SAR-based optimization of the antenna excitations, but optimizing its target to account for the cooling effects. The temperature optimization process is turned into finding a SAR peak position that maximizes the chosen temperature objective function. Application of this method to the 3D head and neck region provides a temperature coverage that is consistently better than that obtained with SAR-optimization alone, also considering uncertainties in thermal parameters. This improvement is obtained by solving the bioheat equation a reduced number of times, avoiding its inclusion in a global optimization process

Fossil vs. active geothermal systems: A field and laboratory method to disclose the relationships between geothermal fluid flow and geological structures at depth

Comparison between fossil and analogue active geothermal systems permit to obtain key-parameters to define a conceptual model of the area under exploration. The approach is based on structural, kinematic, and fluid inclusions analyses. The fossil system is investigated to describe the distribution of the hydrothermal mineralization as witness of the fluid flow through geological structures and bodies, at depth. Structural and kinematic data (to define the preferential direction of fluid flow) are collected in structural stations and by scan lines and scan boxes on key outcrops. Distribution, length, width of fractures, and hydrothermal veins bring to evaluate permeability in the fossil system and, by analogy, in the deep roots of the active system. Fluid inclusions analysis shed light on density, viscosity, and temperature of the paleo-fluids. Data integration provides the hydraulic conductivity. In active geothermal systems, fieldwork is addressed to paleo-stress analysis with data from recent faults (<2 Ma), to compare with local focal mechanisms. By this, indications on the present fluid pathways are given. The main advantage resides in obtaining parameters normally got after drilling, thus contributing to strengthen the strategy of exploration, de-risking unsuccessful boreholes

Automated Design of a Broadside-Radiating Linearly Polarized Isotropic Metasurface Antenna

We present the automated design of a broadside-radiating metasurface antenna. The design is carried out by employing a continuous isotropic Impedance Boundary Condition through an optimization procedure based on the equivalent surface current only. A modified gradient-descent optimization algorithm is applied to minimize an objective function that incorporates both realizability and far field requirements. The antenna is then implemented by a suitable arrangement of circular unit cells, selected from a database of precomputed shapes. This procedure is applied to the design of a broadside-radiating, linearly polarized circular metasurface antenna working at 23 GHz, with size ≈12λ . The obtained design is then validated with commercial software simulations

The landscape of cognitive impairment in superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Although mutations in the superoxide dismutase 1 gene account for only a minority of total amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases, the discovery of this gene has been crucial for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis research. Since the identification of superoxide dismutase 1 in 1993, the field of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis genetics has considerably widened, improving our understanding of the diverse pathogenic basis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In this review, we focus on cognitive impairment in superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Literature has mostly reported that cognition remains intact in superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients, but recent reports highlight frontal lobe function frailty in patients carrying different superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mutations. We thoroughly reviewed all the various mutations reported in the literature to contribute to a comprehensive database of superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis genotype-phenotype correlation. Such a resource could ultimately improve our mechanistic understanding of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, enabling a more robust assessment of how the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis phenotype responds to different variants across genes, which is important for the therapeutic strategy targeting genetic mutations. Cognition in superoxide dismutase 1-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis deserves further longitudinal research since this peculiar frailty in patients with similar mutations can be conditioned by external factors, including environment and other unidentified agents including modifier genes

A Decision Support System for Multi-Trip Vehicle Routing Problems

Emerging trends, driven by industry 4.0 and Big Data, are pushing to combine optimization techniques with Decision Support Systems (DSS). The use of DSS can reduce the risk of uncertainty of the decision-maker regarding the economic feasibility of a project and the technical design. Designing a DSS can be very hard, due to the inherent complexity of these types of systems. Therefore, monolithic software architectures are not a viable solution. This paper describes the DSS developed for an Italian company based on a micro-services architecture. In particular, the services handle geo-referenced information to solve a multi-trip vehicle routing problem with time windows. To face the problem, we follow a two-step approach. First, we generate a set of routes solving a vehicle routing problem with time windows using a metaheuristic algorithm. Second, we calculate the interval in which each route can start and end, and then combine the routes together, with an integer linear programming model, to minimize the number of used vehicles. Computational tests are conducted on real and random instances and prove the efficiency of the approach

The current knowledge on Anastrepha Schiner (Dip., Tephritidae) in the State of Amapá, Brazil.

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